* 用英语自身来理解和学习英语是最好的方式，《英读廊》是《满庭说英语》中的拓展阅读系列，这一系列的文章力求帮助大家在英语阅读能力上有所提升，并树立英语思维；* 推荐的阅读的方法是：先原文，适当看解析阅读，还有疑惑再看双语对照。* 解析中英语单词的音标使用Dictcom和IPA双音标标注，如果需要了解Dictcom音标，请参看我们的《dictionary.com所用的音标体系》一文。* 本篇文章难度系数9.7，由《小仙英语伴读》人工智能难度分析系统提供评分。

#英语思维#

#英语#

#西兰花#

Why are some foods (broccoli, Brussels Sprouts, etc) almost universally hated as children, but liked later in life?【译】为什么有些食物（比如西兰花、球芽甘蓝等）几乎所有人小时候都不喜欢吃，但在长大后的生活中却很受欢迎？【单词】broccoli ['brok-uh-lee]['br?k?li] n. 西兰花；花椰菜；甘蓝花【专有名词】Brussels Sprouts 球芽甘蓝，又叫抱子甘蓝、孢子甘蓝等，是北美超市里最常见的蔬菜之一。营养成分非常高，每88g孢子甘蓝含有38卡路里的热量，0g脂肪，8g碳水化合物，3g蛋白质。孢子甘蓝不仅富含VC， VA， VB-6，更有不饱和脂肪酸Omega 3。

【单词】etc ['etk] abbr. 及其他；等等(=Et cetera)【单词】universally [yoo-nuh-'vur-suh-lee][?ju?n?'v??s?li] adv. 普遍地【单词】hated 原型：hate [heyt][he?t] v. 憎恨；厌恶；讨厌 n. 憎恨；厌恶

I understand taste buds reset every 7 years or so, but why are some flavors despised off the bat universally?【译】我知道味蕾每隔7年左右就会重置一次，但为什么有些口味会被普遍鄙视呢？【单词】taste [teyst][te?st] n. 味觉；味道；尝试；品味；爱好 v. 品尝；有 … 味道的；体验【单词】buds 原型：bud [buhd][b?d] n. 芽；花蕾

【短语】taste buds 味蕾【单词】reset [ree-'set][?ri?'set] v. 重置，重新设定；重新放置；重新组合【单词】flavors 原型：flavor ['fley-ver]['fle?v?] n. 风味；特殊的滋味；风格；调味品【单词】despised 原型：despise [dih-'spahyz][d?'spa?z] vt. 轻视【短语】despised off the bat 被轻视，被鄙视

There are several answers to this.【译】对此有几个答案。

Kids have a much more sensitive palette, specifically to bitter, so more bitter things like sprouts and such are more disliked.【译】孩子们有一个更敏感的味觉，特别是苦味，所以像芽苗菜之类的更苦的东西更不受欢迎。【单词】sensitive ['sen-si-tiv]['sens?t?v] adj. 灵敏的；敏感的；感光的【单词】palette ['pal-it]['p?l?t] n. 调色板，范围，模式【单词】specifically [spi-'sif-ik-lee][sp?'s?f?kli] adv. 特别地；明确地；具体地【单词】bitter ['bit-er]['b?t?] adj. 苦的；痛苦的；辛酸的；激烈的【单词】disliked 原型：dislike [dis-'lahyk][d?s'la?k] v. 不喜欢；厌恶

They're not all universally hated, they're just hated by people whose parents can't cook vegetables well, so they have bad experience with eating them.【译】它们并不是所有人都讨厌，它们只是被那些父母不能很好地烹调蔬菜的人所不喜欢，所以他们对吃蔬菜有着不好的体验。【单词】parents 原型：parent ['pair-uh?nt, 'par-]['pe?r?nt] n. 父母；根源【单词】cook [koo?k][k?k] v. 烹调；烧煮；捏造；纂改(账目)【单词】vegetables 原型：vegetable ['vej-tuh-buh?l, 'vej-i-tuh-]['ved?t?bl] n. 蔬菜；植物【单词】eating 原型：eat [eet][i?t] v. 吃；吃饭；喝

Brussels sprouts in specific actually have gotten more tasty in the last few decades.【译】在过去的几十年里，球芽甘蓝实际上变得更加美味。【单词】tasty ['tey-stee]['te?sti] adj. 好吃的；有品位的；有趣的【单词】decades 原型：decade ['dek-eyd; British also duh-'keyd]['deke?d] n. 十年

The most common type found in stores is significantly better than what was found in stores 30 years ago.【译】商店里最常见的一种比30年前在商店里发现的要好得多。【单词】stores 原型：store [stawr, stohr][st??] n. 商店；贮藏【单词】significantly [sig-'nif-i-kuhnt][s?ɡ'n?f?k?ntli] adv. 意味深长地；意义深远地；重要地；较大地

Taste buds "resetting" is a myth.【译】味蕾“重置”是个传说。【单词】myth [mith][m?θ] n. 神话；虚构的故事

Individual cells that sense taste are replaced every two weeks or so, but that's not what changes your preferences.【译】感觉味觉的单个细胞大约每两周更换一次，但这并不能改变你的偏好。【单词】cells 原型：cell [sel][sel] n. 细胞【单词】replaced 原型：replace [ri-'pleys][r?'ple?s] vt. 取代；替换【单词】preferences 原型：preference ['pref-er-uhns, 'pref-ruhns]['prefr?ns] n. 偏爱；优先；喜爱物

Your personal taste changes over time as you age in response to a lot of things, not least of which is just learning to like certain tastes due to exposure.【译】随着年龄的增长，你的个人品味会随着时间的推移而改变，很多事情都是因为接触而学会喜欢某些口味。【短语】due to 多数表示“由于；因为”。如：This accident was due to his careless driving．同时，due 与to 单配，还可以表示“付给某人”，如：Respect is due to older people.【短语】over time 随着时间的过去，久而久之，超时；例句：Over time, the service learns what you like to read and will personalize its news suggestions for you. 随着时间的推移，这项服务会了解到你喜欢阅读哪类内容，并为你提供个性化的新闻建议。【单词】exposure [ik-'spoh-zher][?k'sp????] n. 暴露；曝光时间

If you consume something often enough you can learn to enjoy it.【译】如果你经常吃一些东西，你可以学会享受它。【单词】consume [kuhn-'soom][k?n'sju?m] v. 消耗；吃喝；毁灭【单词】enjoy [en-'joi][?n'd???] v. 享受；喜欢

However, a significant factor is your biology as you age.【译】然而，一个重要的因素是随着年龄的增长，你的生物学特性。【单词】factor ['fak-ter]['f?kt?] n. 因素；因数；因子【单词】biology [bahy-'ol-uh-jee][ba?'?l?d?i] n. 生物学

Children are born with a higher preference for sweetness and a distaste for bitterness.【译】孩子们生来就对甜味有更高的偏好，和对苦的厌恶。【单词】born [bawrn][b??n] adj. 出生的；与生俱来的 动词bear的过去分词.【单词】sweetness ['peyt-n]['swi?tn?s] n. 甜，美味；芳香；甜美【单词】distaste [dis-'teyst][d?s'te?st] n. 不喜欢；厌恶【单词】bitterness ['bit-er-nis]['b?t?n?s] n. 苦味；悲痛；怨恨

This is probably an evolutionary advantage because sugary foods provide more calories, which children need to grow quickly.【译】这可能是进化上的一个优势，因为含糖食物提供了更多的热量，儿童需要快速成长。【单词】evolutionary [ev-uh-'loo-shuh-ner-ee][?i?v?'lu???nri] adj. 进化的；发展的；演变的【单词】advantage [ad-'van-tij, -'vahn-][?d'vɑ?nt?d?] n. 优势；有利条件 【单词】sugary ['shoog-uh-ree]['??ɡ?ri] adj. 含糖的；甜的【单词】calories 原型：calorie ['kal-uh-ree]['k?l?ri] n. 卡；卡路里(热量单位) =calory.【单词】grow [groh][ɡr??] v. 增加；生长；变成；种植；逐渐开始

Children are also less able to tolerate ingesting toxic foods, and bitterness evolved primarily to detect dangerous, toxic alkaloids.【译】儿童对有毒食物的耐受能力也较低，而苦味的产生主要是为了检测危险的有毒生物碱。【单词】tolerate ['tol-uh-reyt]['t?l?re?t] vt. 容许；忍受；容忍【单词】ingesting [in-'jest][?n'd?est] v. 咽下；摄取【单词】toxic ['tok-sik]['t?ks?k] adj. 有毒的【单词】evolved 原型：evolve [ih-'volv][i'v?lv] v. (使)逐步形成；(使)逐步演变；进化【单词】primarily [prahy-'mair-uh-lee][pra?'mer?li] adv. 主要地；起初地【单词】detect [dih-'tekt][d?'tekt] v. 发觉；察觉；探测【单词】dangerous ['deyn-jer-uhs, 'deynj-ruhs]['de?nd??r?s] adj. 危险的；不安全的【单词】alkaloids 原型：alkaloid ['al-kuh-loid]['?lk?l??d] n. 生物碱；植物碱基

Children just straight up prefer sweet foods and, conversely, because they have a predisposition to disliking bitter foods, they are unlikely to enjoy more bitter vegetables like broccoli and brussels sprouts.【译】孩子们喜欢甜食，相反，因为他们有不喜欢苦味食物的倾向，他们不太可能喜欢像花椰菜和芽甘蓝这样的苦菜。【单词】straight [streyt][stre?t] adj. 直的；坦率的；正直的；准的【单词】prefer [pri-'fur][pr?'f??] vt. 宁可；较喜欢【单词】conversely ['k?nv??sli] adv. 相反地【单词】predisposition [pree-dis-puh-'zish-uhn][?pri?d?sp?'z??n] n. 倾向【单词】unlikely [uhn-'lahyk-lee][?n'la?kli] adj. 不太可能的

Living in the 21st century and in a developed country, humans now have immediate access to just about any food we could want, especially very sugary foods.【译】生活在21世纪的发达国家，人类现在可以立即获得我们想要的任何食物，尤其是含糖量很高的食物。【单词】21st 名词 adj. 第二十一【单词】developed 原型：develop [dih-'vel-uh?p][d?'vel?p] v. 发展；发育；开发【单词】immediate [ih-'mee-dee-it][?'mi?di?t] adj. 直接的；最接近的；立即的；目前的

Evolution is slow, though, so children still prefer sweets even though as adults we understand that too much sugar is bad for your health.【译】然而，进化是缓慢的，所以孩子们仍然喜欢甜食，尽管作为成年人，我们明白过多的糖对你的健康有害。【词法】even though是“尽管”的意思，为连词，引导让步状语从句用于引导让步状语从句。如：He went out even though it was raining. 尽管在下雨，他还是出去了【单词】evolution [ev-uh-'loo-shuhn][?i?v?'lu??n] n. 进化；发展；演变【单词】adults 原型：adult [uh-'duhlt, 'ad-uhlt]['?d?lt] n. 成年人；成年动物【单词】sugar ['shoo?g-er]['??ɡ?] n. 糖，食糖

Tens of thousands and even hundreds of thousands of years ago as our ancestors were evolving into humans, sugar was relatively scarce, found only small fruits.【译】数万年甚至几十万年前，当我们的祖先进化成人类时，糖相对稀少，只能发现小水果。【单词】ancestors 原型：ancestor ['an-ses-ter]['?nsest?] n. 祖宗；祖先；原种【单词】relatively ['rel-uh-tiv-lee]['rel?t?vli] adv. 相对地；比较地【单词】scarce [skairs][ske?s] adj. 缺乏的；不足的；稀少的；罕见的【单词】fruits 原型：fruit [froot][fru?t] n. 果实；成果；水果

Finding them was hard and not available at all times, so it made sense for children to seek them out whenever possible.【译】要找到它们是很困难的，而且不是任何时候都能找到的，所以只要有可能，孩子们就应该去寻找它们。【短语】make sense 表示“有意义；讲得通；言之有理”。如：I try to make each song make sense for itself. 我试图让每首歌都体现出它自己的意义。【单词】seek [seek][si?k] vt. 寻求；追求；试图 vi. 寻找【单词】whenever [hwen-'ev-er][wen'ev?] adv. 无论何时 conj. 每当；无论何时；随时

Today, we have to teach our children not to eat sugary foods.【译】今天，我们要教孩子们不要吃含糖食物。【单词】teach [teech][ti?t?] vt. 教；教导；教授；教训 vi. 给予指导【单词】eat [eet][i?t] v. 吃；吃饭；喝

There's evidence that providing a balanced diet that doesn't entirely eliminate sugary foods but encourages healthy eating habits teaches children to…not dislike sweets, but to learn to like bitter veggies a lot more.【译】有证据表明，提供一个不完全消除含糖食物但鼓励健康饮食习惯的均衡饮食教会孩子们…不要讨厌甜食，而是要学会更喜欢苦的蔬菜。【单词】balanced 原型：balance ['bal-uhns]['b?l?ns] vt. 权衡；使平衡；抵消；称重量 vi. 均衡；建立平衡【单词】diet ['dahy-it]['da??t] n. 日常食物；规定饮食；节食【单词】entirely [en-'tahyuhr-lee][?n'ta??li] adv. 完全地；全部地【单词】eliminate [ih-'lim-uh-neyt][?'l?m?ne?t] v. 除去；剔除；忽略；淘汰【单词】encourages 原型：encourage [en-'kur-ij][?n'k?r?d?] vt. 鼓励；促进；支持【单词】healthy ['hel-thee]['helθi] adj. 健康的【单词】habits 原型：habit ['hab-it]['h?b?t] n. 习惯；习性【单词】veggies ['vej-ee]['veɡ?z] vegetables 蔬菜